2010-11-17

To+ ing動詞

問: Why not work shoulder to shoulder with teenagers to remove their frustrations so that self-destruction ceases to be an alternative to solving their problems?(為什麼不和十多歲的孩子攜手並肩,消除他們的失意情緒,使他們不再以自戕代替解決問題?)這一句,為什麼不說 to solve而說 to solving?
答:類似問題我答過不止一次,只是不少讀者似乎都未能舉一反三,常見垂問。
按 to有兩個用法:一是作介系詞( preposition),而介系詞之後必須用名詞、動名詞( gerund,即 ing動詞)等;一是用來帶出原形動詞( infinitive)。例如 He went to Macao(他去了澳門)的 to是介系詞, He wanted to go的 to則是用來帶出原形動詞。
Alternative指「替代物」或「別的方法」。要說用甲取代乙,甲當然是 alternative,至於要取代的乙,則須用介系詞 to帶出。請看 Oxford Wordpower Dictionary alternative條下例句: The Minister suggested community service as an alternative to imprisonment(那部長提議用社會服務取代監禁)。這一句的 to之後,假如不用名詞,可改用動名詞: The Minister suggested community service as an alternative to going to prison。文法上,名詞 imprisonment和動名詞 going詞性相同。
昨天拙欄談到以下一句: Parents play an important role in our journey to becoming a grown up。句中動名詞 becoming同樣可用一名詞取代: Parents play an important role in our journey to adulthood。 Journey to、 alternative to之後用 ing動詞而不用原形動詞,道理是一樣的。

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